His corpse was buried at the Arabian Sea and he was officially succeeded by his deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri on 16 June 2011.īin Laden grew to become a highly influential ideologue in the Islamic world. special operations forces at his compound in Abbottabad. During this period, he hid in several mountainous regions of Afghanistan and later escaped to neighboring Pakistan. Bin Laden became the subject of nearly a decade-long international manhunt. This resulted in the United States invading Afghanistan, which launched the war on terror. He was then listed on the FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists and Most Wanted Fugitives lists.īin Laden was the organiser of the September 11 attacks, which killed nearly 3,000 people. He orchestrated the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Africa. Bin Laden declared two fatawa, the first in August 1996, and the second in February 1998, declaring holy war against the United States. He subsequently shifted his headquarters to Sudan until 1996 when he left the country to establish a new base in Afghanistan, where he was supported by the Taliban. Bin Laden's views on pan-Islamism and anti-Americanism resulted in his expulsion from Saudi Arabia in 1991. In the Gulf War (1990–1991), Bin Laden's offer for support against Iraq was rebuked by the Saudi royal family, which instead sought American aid. He founded al-Qaeda in 1988 for worldwide jihad. In 1984, he co-founded Maktab al-Khidamat which recruited foreign mujahidin into the war. He studied at local universities until 1979, when he joined the Afghan mujahidin against the Soviet Union in the wake of the Afghan–Soviet War. Osama was born in Riyadh to the aristocratic bin Laden family. He is most widely known as the organiser of the September 11 attacks in the United States. Ideologically a pan-Islamist, his organisation is designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, and various other countries. Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن, romanized: Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ʿAwaḍ bin Lādin 10 March 1957 – ) was a Saudi-born Islamic dissident and militant leader who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda from 1988 until his death in 2011.
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